Increasing power demands on automotive electrical systems to enhance vehicle performance, convenience and safety, and to improve fuel economy and reduce emissions, are making present 12/14-V systems inadequate. Accordingly, car manufacturers are planning to elevate the system voltage to the maximum safe level of 42 V. Apart from enhancing electrical power and efficiency, the higher voltage will accommodate additional loads and permit the implementation of new technologies. There is much debate over the preferred architecture and composition of the 42-V network. Present consensus points to an initial dual-battery approach, i.e., a 36-V highpower battery for engine starting and a 12-V high-capacity battery for auxiliaries. Such an arrangement allows greater flexibility in battery design, in that each unit can be optimized for its specific assignment, and also provides for assured starts since the 36-V unit would not suffer discharges from the auxiliary services. Alternatives to the traditional lead-acid battery are being considered, either for both duties (starting and service) or in combination with lead-acid. This paper examines the options. Lead-acid batteries have the lowest cost, are widely available, and advanced designs have high power densities for efficient engine starting. Given the inherent low specific energy, however, the weight and size of a 12-V lead-acid battery for service duty may be unacceptably high. Alternative nickel-metal-hydride and lithium-ion batteries would be smaller and lighter, but appreciably more expensive. There also is the concern that an integrated starter and generator, which is proposed to reduce fuel consumption and emissions, will subject the battery to many more charge-discharge cycles. In this respect, nickel-metal-hydride batteries are preferred. If the shallow discharge cycleability of lead-acid can be improved, however, the most likely near-term solution for 42-V networks will be a combination of a lead-acid battery for starting power and a nickel-metal-hydride battery for service duty. In the longer term, there are expectations that the limitations of lithium-ion will be resolved and that such batteries will be produced with high specific energy and without present performance and cost limitations.
Battery options for high-voltage (42 V) car electrical systems
Batterie-Systeme für das 42 V-Netz im Kraftfahrzeug
2001
11 Seiten, 4 Bilder, 2 Tabellen, 11 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
Battery options for high voltage (42 V) car electrical systems
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