This chapter describes a model for a time-dependent green vehicle routing problem (TDGVRP) with a mixed fleet of electric (ECV) and internal combustion engine commercial vehicles (ICCV) that finds the optimal fleet design and routes for last-mile delivery operations. Due to the high sensitivity of electric vehicle’s driving range to energy requirements, the effect of congestion on vehicle energy consumption is accounted for by time dependency of travel time. The GVRP model proposed in this study takes into account the limitations in the adoption of both ECVs and ICCVs. These limitations are in terms of limited driving range and higher purchase cost for ECVs, and carbon emission limitations imposed by government regulations and Low Emission Zone (LEZ) penalties for ICCVs. This is a unique and complex model, and no study in the literature has addressed this problem sufficiently. A mathematical formulation and a heuristic algorithm are proposed for the defined time-dependent GVRP, and numerical experiments are designed and tested to demonstrate their capabilities. The results show that the proposed heuristic is efficient in finding sound solutions and can be used to identify changes in fleet design and routing of last-mile delivery operations as a result of green logistics policies.
Time-Dependent Green Vehicle Routing Problem
Green Transportation and New Advances in Vehicle Routing Problems ; Kapitel : 7 ; 177-211
2020-09-19
35 pages
Aufsatz/Kapitel (Buch)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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