Abstract The simulation of rotorcraft aerodynamics is considerably more complex than the simulation of fixed wing aircraft aerodynamics. Rotorcraft flow is inherently dynamic, the inertial and elastic forces of the rotor blades interact with the aerodynamic forces, and aerodynamic interference of the rotor wake with the fuselage and tail rotor is important in many flight conditions. The flow condition known as Blade-Vortex Interaction (BVI) is an important example of such interactions. Especially in low-speed descent, the rotor blades fly in their own wake. The interaction of tip vortices and rotor blades may cause strong pressure fluctuations on the blade, responsible for the typical ‘wopwop’ sound of helicopters. Prediction of BVI is challenging: the blade motion under inertial, elastic, and aerodynamic forces must be predicted correctly and the convection of the tip vortices must be accurate enough to retain the vortices for, typically, one and a half rotor revolution.


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