Nowadays, demanding carbon dioxide (CO2) targets push for the electrification of the powertrain since the internal combustion engine, as the sole way to propel the vehicle, cannot reach those targets. In this context, Mild-Hybrid Vehicles (MHV) with a low-voltage 48 V electric network proved to be a cost-effective solution for the reduction of CO2 emissions. However, the impact of the electrification on the powertrain thermal management, on the aftertreatment light-off, and thus on tailpipe (TP) emissions must be properly assessed. For this reason, a virtual testing approach for thorough powertrain and vehicle virtual validation is required to reduce testing and calibration efforts. The aim of this research work is to bridge the gap between high-fidelity models commonly used for the development of components and a system-level approach for the evaluation of full vehicle technologies and architectures. This work means to integrate detailed subsystem models in an inclusive vehicle model of a 48 V diesel-powered Mild-Hybrid Large Multi-Purpose Vehicle (LMPV) passenger car, featuring the engine, cooling circuit, aftertreatment system, dual-voltage electric network, and electronic control unit (ECU). After the validation of the main powertrain subsystems (e.g., engine and coolant circuit), the virtual test rig has been coupled with an Energy Management System based on the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) to reproduce the behavior of the MHV along the Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) driving cycle. Additionally, the Equivalent Emissions Minimization Strategy (EMS) has been updated in an Equivalent Emissions Minimization Strategy (EEMS) to account for the concurrent minimization of CO2 and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Different calibration approaches have been undertaken with the aim to generate a trade-off frontier for the optimization of fuel consumption and engine-out (EO) and TP NOx emissions. Promising results are obtained: the EEMS provided a fuel consumption improvement of up to 6.1%, while EO and TP NOx emissions reduced up to 16.1% and 12.6%, respectively.
Development of a Comprehensive Model for the Concurrent Minimization of CO2 and NOx Emissions of a 48 V Mild-Hybrid Diesel Car
Sae Int. J. Elec. Veh
Sae International Journal of Electrified Vehicles ; 10 , 2 ; 177-194
2021-04-09
18 pages
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
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