The research described in this report was directed towards a continued examination of visual cues used by pilots to maintain altitude in low level flight simulation. The first study investigated the use of a psychophysical technique to provide a quick, low-cost evaluation of altitude cues provided by five visual display system conditions in which terrain features were varied in detail, density, and vertical development. Both pilot and non-pilot observers were employed. A second study examined three visual display environments (i.e., a valley floor, a valley floor with walls, and a valley floor with walls and inverted pyramids) using different display modes (i.e., slides, static video, and dynamic video). Differences between pilot and non-pilot subjects were obtained for the accuracy of altitude estimation.


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    Low-Level Flight Simulation: Vertical Cues

    E. L. Martin / E. J. Rinalducci | NTIS | 1983


    Visual cues to geographical orientation during low-level flight

    Battiste, Vernol / Delzell, Suzanne | NTRS | 1991


    Visual Cues in Flight Simulation: An Evaluation of Stereo Effectiveness

    Andre, Anthony D. / Kruk, Ronald V. / Johnson, Walter W. | SAE Technical Papers | 1992



    Visual cues in flight simulation - An evaluation of stereo effectiveness

    Johnson, Walter W. / Andre, Anthony D. / Kruk, Ronald V. | NTRS | 1992