As world population continues to climb, so has the number of people who mass migrate or become refugees as the result of economic strife and conflict. In 1960, there were 1.4 million refugees worldwide. In 1996, that number has grown to 25-30 million refugees, most of which are women and children. The United States has committed its military and other resources to these humanitarian missions to avert catastrophic loss of life with increasing frequency. This paper explores the growing Joint mission area of migrant and refugee operations both as a single mission Joint Task Force (JTF) and as part of existing JTF Operations. Operation SEA SIGNAL (Cuban/Haitian mass migration), Operation PROVIDE COMFORT (Assistance to Northern Iraqi Kurds), and the Rwandan and Bosnia-Herzegovina refugee crises are examined using the Principles of Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW).


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