In this program concepts for reducing fire hazards that may result from LNG tanker collisions are identified and their technical feasibility evaluated. Concepts considered include modifications to the shipborne LNG containers so that in the event of a container rupture less of the contents would spill and/or the contents would spill at a reduced rate. Changes in the cargo itself, including making the LNG into a gel, solidifying it, converting it to methanol, and adding flame suppressants are also evaluated. The relative effectiveness and the costs of implementing these methods in terms of increased cost of gas at the receiving terminal, are explained. The vulnerability of an LNG tanker and its crew to the thermal effects of a large pool fire caused by a collision spill is estimated and methods of protecting the crew are considered. It is shown that the protection of ship and crew so that further deterioration of a damaged ship might be ameliorated, would require the design and installation of extraordinary insulation systems and life support assistance for the crew. Methods of salvaging or disposing of cargo from a damaged and disabled ship are evaluated, and it is concluded that if the cargo cannot be transferred to another (empty) LNG tanker because of lack of availability, then the burning of the cargo at a location somewhat distant from the disabled tanker appears to be a promising approach. Finally, the likelihood of the vapors from a spill being ignited due to the frictional impact of the colliding ships was examined. It is found that the heating of metal sufficient to ignite flammable vapors would occur during a collision, but it is questionable whether flammable vapor and air will, in fact, come in contact with the hot metal surfaces. (ERA citation 05:037178)
Feasibility of Methods and Systems for Reducng LNG Tanker Fire Hazards
1980
342 pages
Report
Keine Angabe
Englisch
Water Pollution & Control , Combustion & Ignition , Chemical spills , Liquefied natural gas , Accidents , Cost , Data compilation , Environmental impacts , Fire hazards , Fire prevention , Gels , Graphs , Heat transfer , Ignition , Life support systems , Liquefaction , Methanol , Occupational safety , Personnel , Recommendations , Ruptures , Solidification , Solids , Tanker ships , Technology assessment , Thermal radiation , ERDA/520200 , ERDA/570000 , ERDA/030800
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