This paper attempts to examine selected major historical littoral operations in order to examine the synchronization factors that might be applied to future operations. Special emphasis is placed on amphibious landings. Synchronization can be defined as the arrangement of land, air and sea forces in time, space, and purpose results whose sum is greater than the sum of the individual capabilities. The thesis of this paper is that synchronization has historically constituted a major factor in amphibious operations and despite improvements in technology as evidence by platforms such as Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCACs), synchronization will continue be a major consideration. It can be a deciding factor, as it has been in the case studies examined. The following historical cases were studied with particular emphasis on synchronization: Gallipoli in 1914/15: Norwegian Landing in 1940; Normandy in 1944; and the Falklands in 1982.


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