A 1996 paper estimated 'that the total number of space-borne atomic frequency standards (AFS) is no more than several hundred' 1, p. 24. The number of atomic frequency standards in space was dominated by the GPS, GLONASS, and Milstar satellite constellations. In this paper, we present an update to the historical review of the AFSs used in space systems. We will briefly review the systems existing in 1996, and add the newer systems (Galileo, GPS IIR and IIF, GLONASS-M, Cassini-Huygens, AEHF, and QZSS) and potential space systems (PARCS, PHARAO, Beidou) using atomic frequency standards. We have estimated that there have been a total of 452 atomic frequency standards launched into orbit for use on communications and scientific payloads. We conclude the paper with a review of the 1996 predictions for future AFSs and discuss the future as seen in 2006.
Historical Review of Atomic Frequency Standards Used in Space Systems - 10 Year Update
2007
13 pages
Report
Keine Angabe
Englisch
Laboratory & Test Facility Design & Operation , Unmanned Spacecraft , Navigation Systems , Navigation satellites , Frequency standards , Atomic clocks , Symposia , Satellite constellations , Space systems , Global positioning system , Atomic frequency standards , Component reports , Glonass(Global navigation satellite system)
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