The National Transit Database (FTA, U.S. DOT) for report year 1996 indicates that labor and fringe benefits comprised 76.4% of operating expenses at transit agencies in the United States (National Transit Summaries and Trends for the 1996 National Transit Database). Given the significance of labor expenses at transit agencies, identifying and documenting actions to enhance worker performance in terms of attendance can yield significant benefits. Assuring employee availability is a challenge facing transit daily. This report explores the various actions transit agencies (and other employers) have taken to help ensure the availability of quality employees in an increasingly competitive employment environment. Information in this report is based on survey results from 36 transit agencies from throughout the U.S., as well as information received from 6 transit agencies not in the full survey, 6x focus groups, and an extensive literature review. This report focuses primarily on the practices and policies transit agencies have in place to minimize absenteeism.


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