This book, an outgrowth of the More Streets for People public information program, evaluates pedestrian experiments in 12 selected European cities. It is addressed to community groups and individuals involved in promoting the creation of traffic - free areas in their cities. The cross section of European experiments represents a variety of goals and a diversity of urban scales. While the creation of urban pedestrian malls in America has focused primarily on downtown economic revitalization, a close look at European efforts reveals a number of reasons for implementing traffic - free zones. The goals sought by European planners have ranged from strictly functional ones dealing with traffic control strategies to improve downtown mobility to humanistic ones dealing with conservation of urban areas and improvement of residential conditions in central areas. The scale of the cities with pedestrian precincts also provides a useful overview for the advocate. Cars have been banned from central areas of small villages to increase tourist appeal or simply to preserve traditions of outdoor living. They have also been banned from the congested cores of cities with over a million inhabitants that possess national commercial prominence. The diverse planning context, legal methodology, and financial strategy of each specific case also provide a broad, critical picture of the process of converting vehicular roads to pedestrian thoroughfares. Some cities were chosen for their historic relevance because they clearly illustrate a variety of goals for their traffic strategies, for their focus on historic preservation, for their focus on economic revitalization, or for their innovative approach to planning and design. Although this book is not intended to furnish methodological indications tailored to the American reality, it does provide a viable framework for understanding the issues involved and the questions which should be addressed in the process of creating a traffic - free urban environment. Photographs and maps illustrate the text. (Author abstract modified).


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