U.S Navy submarines rarely become disabled. The first disablement and loss occurred in 1914 when leaking battery acid in USS F-4 corroded hull rivets that caused progressive flooding, chlorine off gassing, loss of depth control and eventual catastrophic hull failure. Then, after another accident in 1927 when the U.S. Submarine S-4 became disabled and was lost with all hands, rescue procedure planning, equipment and training have continuously been undergoing improvement. As a result, 12 years later, in 1939 off the shore of Portsmouth, N.H. Sailors were successfully rescued from the USS Squalus, which quickly sank after a rear compartment flooded (Stewart, 2008). The disabled Squalus was located on the sea floor at a depth of 240 ft in 29 F (-1.7 C) water, a rescue ship with a diving chamber came to the site and the 33 crew in the non-flooded compartments were transferred to the surface within 40 hours via 4 trips of the diving chamber. A major thermal hazard in such a disabling has been the threat of hypothermia from the environment caused by cold ocean water while waiting the sub s rescue (Castellani et al., 2005).
Thermo-Physiological Responses of Sailors in a Disabled Submarine with Interior Cabin Temperature and Humidity Slowly Rising as Predicted by Computer Simulation Techniques
2013
60 pages
Report
Keine Angabe
Englisch