Abstract The pace of scientific exploration of our solar system provides ever-increasing insights into potentially habitable environments, and associated concerns for their contamination by Earth organisms. Biological and organic-chemical contamination has been extensively considered by the COSPAR Panel on Planetary Protection (PPP) and has resulted in the internationally recognized regulations to which spacefaring nations adhere, and which have been in place for 40years. The only successful Mars lander missions with system-level “sterilization” were the Viking landers in the 1970s. Since then different cleanliness requirements have been applied to spacecraft based on their destination, mission type, and scientific objectives. The Planetary Protection Subcommittee of the NASA Advisory Council has noted that a strategic Research & Technology Development (R&TD) roadmap would be very beneficial to encourage the timely availability of effective tools and methodologies to implement planetary protection requirements. New research avenues in planetary protection for ambitious future exploration missions can best be served by developing an over-arching program that integrates capability-driven developments with mission-driven implementation efforts. This paper analyzes the current status concerning microbial reduction and cleaning methods, recontamination control and bio-barriers, operational analysis methods, and addresses concepts for human exploration. Crosscutting research and support activities are discussed and a rationale for a Strategic Planetary Protection R&TD Roadmap is outlined. Such a roadmap for planetary protection provides a forum for strategic planning and will help to enable the next phases of solar system exploration.
Overview of current capabilities and research and technology developments for planetary protection
Advances in Space Research ; 54 , 2 ; 221-240
2014-02-19
20 pages
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
ATLO , assembly test and launch operations , ATP , adenosine triphosphate , COSPAR , Committee on Space Research , DHMR , dry heat microbial reduction , EDL , entry descent and landing , EtO , ethylene oxide , FTE , full-time equivalent , HEPA , high-efficiency particulate air filter , ISRU , in-situ resource utilization , LAL , limulus amebocyte lysate , MAVEN , Mars volatile environment mission , MER , Mars exploration rover mission , MPPG , Mars program planning group , MRO , Mars reconnaissance orbiter mission , MSL , Mars science laboratory mission , MSR , Mars sample return mission , OSIRIS-REx , origins spectral interpretation resource identification security regolith explorer mission , PCR , polymerase chain reaction , PP , planetary protection , PPO , Planetary Protection Office , SCC , supercritical carbon dioxide cleaning , TRL , technology readiness level , VHP , vapor phase hydrogen peroxide , ZBR , Zone of Minimum Biological Risk , Planetary protection , Human space exploration , Spacecraft sterilization , Planetary protection policy
Overview of current capabilities and research and technology developments for planetary protection
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