Abstract In 2020 the fuel sulphur limit in international shipping was reduced from 3.5 to 0.5 wt%. Three adaptive measures dominate: (i) increased exhaust gas cleaning in the maritime industry enabling continued use of high-sulphur fuel oil, (ii) increased refining output ratio of low-sulphur fuels, and iii) increased use of blended fuels. As (i) and (ii) are insufficient to comply with the new demand, refiners will resort to (iii), which requires increased crude oil throughput. Extracted crude oil will typically oxidize completely over longer time periods, so increased crude oil throughput is synonymous with increased CO2 emissions of up to 323 Mton in 2020, corresponding to ∼1% of the total global CO2 emissions from fossil fuels. Transferring demand from low-value to high-value oil products cause indirect CO2 emissions, and vice versa. CO2 emissions can be mitigated by prioritizing demand reduction according to oil product value starting with the most valuable products.
Indirect CO2 emissions caused by the fuel demand switch in international shipping
2021-01-01
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
Marine fuels , CO<inf>2</inf>-emissions , Oil refining , Life cycle assessment , Crude oil demand , Product added value , GHG , Greenhouse gas , Fuel oil , Oil product that does not enter the refining distillation process , HFO , Heavy fuel oil – oil product that does not enter the distillation process in a refinery with a vacuum distillation unit. , HSFO , High-sulphur fuel oil , MFO , Medium sulphur fuel oil , LSFO , Low sulphur fuel oil , VLSFO , Very low sulphur fuel oil, less than 0.5 wt% sulphur. , ULSFO , Ultra low sulphur fuel oil, less than 0.1 wt% sulphur , MGO , Marine gasoil, less than 0.1 wt% sulphur , mb/d , Million barrels per day , SAV , Share of added value , LCA , LPG , Liquified Propane Gas (mainly propane) , LNG , Liquified Natural Gas (mainly methane) , IEA , International Energy Agency , EIA , U.S. Energy Information Administration , IMO , International Maritime Organization , <italic>R<inf>HV</inf></italic> , Ratio of high-value product output , <italic>R<inf>NV</inf></italic> , Ratio of neutral value product output , <italic>R<inf>NHV</inf></italic> , Ratio of non-high-value product output
Shipping Emissions Legislation
Online Contents | 2003
Emissions of International Shipping as Seen by Satellites
British Library Conference Proceedings | 2006
|TIBKAT | 2014
|