Abstract Astrophysical and cosmogenic neutrinos are produced in the interactions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. Astrophysical neutrinos originate from the interactions of cosmic ray protons with the matter (pp interactions) or photons ( p interactions) inside their sources and have energies ranging from TeV to , while cosmogenic neutrinos are produced during cosmic rays propagation in the intergalactic medium through the interaction with cosmic microwave background (CMB) as well as infrared and optical background (IRB) photons and have energies up to . These neutrinos can travel without deflection and reach earth, so the study of this messengers can reveal different characteristics of the cosmic ray sources. In addition to the properties of the sources, the redshift of the sources and the photon background characteristics can also be important in the propagation of cosmic rays. In this paper, first by applying analytical approaches, we calculate the optical depths of UHECR sources () which generate astrophysical neutrinos, and by using the observed fluxes of CR and astrophysical neutrino, we calculate for different CR source spectral indexes. Then, using CRPropa3 code, we simulate the propagation of UHECRs in the extragalactic medium. Taking a reference case, the propagated CR and neutrino flux are obtained for sources with pure proton mass composition, minimum energy of 0.1 EeV to the maximum rigidity of 200 EV, minimum redshift of , maximum redshift of and the Gilmore 2012 IRB background model. Switching the composition to a mixed galactic composition and pure Fe, it is shown that CR and neutrino fluxes are affected by changing the cosmic ray composition. Furthermore, effects of different IRB models and maximum redshift of the sources are investigated. Finally, three source redshift distributions of and are considered and the changes in spectra are demonstrated. The study of these changes can help us to understand the nature of UHECR sources.
Effects of different source characteristics on the propagated CR and secondary neutrino spectra: A CRPropa3 simulation
Advances in Space Research ; 63 , 12 ; 4058-4065
2019-01-01
8 pages
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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