Abstract Quasi-satellite orbits (QSOs) are stable retrograde orbits in the restricted three-body problem that have gained attention as a viable candidate for future deep-space missions towards remote planetary satellites. JAXA’s robotic sample return mission MMX will utilize QSOs to perform scientific observations of the Martian moon Phobos before landing on its surface and attempt sample retrieval. The complex dynamical environment around Phobos makes the proximity operations of MMX quite challenging and requires novel and sophisticated techniques for maintaining and transferring between different quasi-satellite orbits. The present paper explores the application of invariant manifolds of unstable retrograde orbits to design transfer trajectories around Phobos. Starting from the equations of the Circular Hill Problem with ellipsoidal Phobos, we first compute families of three-dimensional QSOs using out-of-plane bifurcations near planar orbits. The feasibility of using unstable family members as staging orbits between high-altitude and low-altitude QSOs is later assessed. The final candidates are ranked based on MMX scientific requirements, transfer analyses, and station-keeping costs. It is found that intermediate 3D-QSOs can be maintained with as little as per month. Furthermore, it is discovered that transfer from high-altitude QSOs to low-altitude QSOs can be executed with a total of less than and total time of flight of less than 5 days.
Highlights Feasibility of spatial retrograde orbits for the Phobos exploration is studied. Transfer methodology using the invariant manifolds of unstable 3D-QSOs is proposed. Transfer via 3D-QSO is possible with less than 40 m/s between MMX candidate QSOs. Orbit maintenance by suppressing the unstable eigenvectors of 3D-QSOs is performed. Station-keeping of the spatial retrograde orbits costs as low as 1 m/s per month.
Transfers and orbital maintenance of spatial retrograde orbits for Phobos exploration
Acta Astronautica ; 189 ; 452-464
2021-09-06
13 pages
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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