Highlights In self-driving cars, mindwandering can make the driver out-of-the-loop. The level of mindwandering was estimated by analysing gaze behavior. Partial least-squares regression models were used to identify visual strategies. The best model used both static and dynamic visual indicators. The study may contribute to the design of driver monitoring systems.

    Abstract During highly automated driving, drivers no longer physically control the vehicle but they might need to monitor the driving scene. This is true for SAE level 2, where monitoring the external environment is required; it is also true for level 3, where drivers must react quickly and safely to a take-over request. Without such monitoring, even if only partial, drivers are considered out-of-the-loop (OOTL) and safety may be compromised. The OOTL phenomenon may be particularly important for long automated driving periods during which mind wandering can occur. This study scrutinized drivers’ visual behaviour for 18 min of highly automated driving. Intersections between gaze and 13 areas of interest (AOIs) were analysed, considering both static and dynamic indicators. An estimation of self-reported mind wandering based on gaze behaviour was performed using partial least squares (PLS) regression models. The outputs of the PLS regressions allowed defining visual strategies associated with good monitoring of the driving scene. This information may enable online estimation of the OOTL phenomenon based on a driver’s spontaneous visual behaviour.


    Zugriff

    Zugriff prüfen

    Verfügbarkeit in meiner Bibliothek prüfen

    Bestellung bei Subito €


    Exportieren, teilen und zitieren



    Titel :

    Estimating the out-of-the-loop phenomenon from visual strategies during highly automated driving


    Beteiligte:
    Schnebelen, Damien (Autor:in) / Charron, Camilo (Autor:in) / Mars, Franck (Autor:in)


    Erscheinungsdatum :

    2020-09-03




    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)


    Format :

    Elektronische Ressource


    Sprache :

    Englisch





    Next exit: highly automated driving

    Glander,K.H. / Glander,K. / Van Rooij,L. et al. | Kraftfahrwesen | 2016


    The effect of inconsistent steering guidance during transitions from Highly Automated Driving

    Maggi, Davide / Romano, Richard / Carsten, Oliver | Elsevier | 2022


    Supervising the self-driving car: Situation awareness and fatigue during highly automated driving

    McKerral, Angus / Pammer, Kristen / Gauld, Cassandra | Elsevier | 2023


    ENABLING A HIGHLY AUTOMATED DRIVING FUNCTION

    DESENS JENS / HEIN MARTIN / JOOS ARMIN et al. | Europäisches Patentamt | 2017

    Freier Zugriff