The article deals with issues related to the removal of man-made space debris (SD) from the near-Earth space. SD is divided into observed (a typical size of over 100 mm) and unobserved ones. When encountering the observed SD, a spacecraft takes evasive maneuvers by changing the height. The International Space orbital station used to commit this maneuver more than once. Panels protect a spacecraft from unobserved debris. SD has emerged from the former used satellites, vehicle stages, and boosters still available on orbit, as well as a result of their destruction in case of explosion and collision. A large number of projects on removal of the near-Earth space from both the observed and the unobserved fragments of SD have been recently under development. There are offerings to remove SD via grapple fixtures, mesh-works, harpoons, etc. All anti-debris means are placed in the spacecraft (SC) and boosted into an orbit, and vehicle stages and boosters still remain on the orbit. Russia has set a Standard, which specifies the SD counter-measures. It gives recommendation for choosing the way of its disposal and dimensioning the fuel mass required for disposal in the dumping area. Selection of the dumping area depends on the altitude of a SD fragment. For high orbits the dumping area is selected according to GOST formulas. From the low orbits the fragments should be taken away to the Earth's atmosphere where they should be burned up. The calculations presented in the article show that with dumping area chosen properly the fuel mass required for maneuver is 10 - 15%. However, given the high cost of the spacecraft and its launch into orbit it is advisable to use the shuttle type vehicles similar to "Buran" and "Space Shuttle" to retrieve the spacecraft from the orbit. Space Shuttles were used to do similar work. This will allow preventing from near-Earth’s space debris due to available final vehicle stages and boosters, and, what is most important, after modernization and renovation the shuttle-retrieved spacecraft can be re-launched into space by the Space Shuttle. The special devices decelerate unobserved space debris of small size, which is moved to the low orbits and then into the Earth's atmosphere.


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    Titel :

    Space Debris Removal from the Near-Earth Space


    Beteiligte:


    Erscheinungsdatum :

    2017




    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)


    Format :

    Elektronische Ressource


    Sprache :

    Unbekannt




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