This paper presents new methodologies based on Mack’s amplitude method to estimate the start of transition in hypersonic wind tunnels when the second mode dominates the transition process. The methodologies rely on linear stability computations, measured or modeled tunnel noise, and experimentally determined second-mode breakdown amplitude and receptivity correlations. The first technique uses the measured pitot pressure fluctuations and correlations for the receptivity coefficient to estimate the initial amplitudes. The second technique replaces pitot pressure measurements with a freestream noise spectral amplitude model based on the parameters found in Pate’s correlation. The rationale behind this new model and new insight into Pate’s correlation are provided. The methods can successfully correlate Tunnel 9 and Tunnel F cone measurements at Mach numbers between 9 and 10, unit Reynolds numbers between 1.8 and 30 million per meter, and nose-tip radii between 1.5 and 12.7 mm. The standard error between the measured and predicted start of transition is approximately 14%, which corresponds to or 4% of the cone length. In comparison, predictions based on a constant transition factor yield a standard error greater than 40% and fail to predict transition in several cases.
Prediction Methodology for Second-Mode-Dominated Boundary-Layer Transition in Wind Tunnels
AIAA Journal ; 55 , 2 ; 484-499
2016-12-23
16 pages
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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